SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC MANIFESTO FOR INDIA

Education –

Compulsory free education upto class 12 for BPLEven for lower middle class students option for vocational training should be provided along with education in school levels. Compulsory free education should be given to atleast Below Poverty Line students for upto class 12! Every developed country including most liberal ones have compulsory free education upto class 12 along with vocational training facilities. This is done for the benefit of the young children who are minors and have no free will, whatsoever. Also education should be mostly practical and not theoritical!Apart from mid-day meals the morning breakfast should also be provided to bring all poor students in schools. We need universal compulsory education upto class 12 first. Quantity is required for generating quality!

Healthcare –

Healthcare for below poverty line patients be freeHealthcare for below poverty line patients be free in Govt hospitals in all levels including medicines and food if stay at indoors.The cost of medicines and medical equipments should be reduced by abolishing taxes on them.The new patent law which restricts similiar medicine formulations by different companies be dismantled and the earlier one which help competition and keep prices of drugs low be reinforced!

Nothing is free now, the costly medicines or food during indoor stays and costs of diagonistics are enough to frighten away the poor patient. Only hospital or doctor's charge is negligible which is insufficient.The problems are due to mushrooming of private clinics which bribe these staffs to behave so and frighten away the patients to their grips! Healthcare should be 100% in Govt sector and free for below poverty line patients only. Then if all have to go to govt hospitals from ministers to farmers, things will improve! Ministers and top govt officials should be atleast debarred from visiting private hospitals in India and abroad for treatment. These blood suckers will then improve the system for their own sake!

Social Democratic Development Model –
1) Roads, Bridges, Railways and Transportation in Govt sector be given top priority.2) Govt should subsidize housing for poor more and free drinking water supply for all be made a fundamental right.3) In agriculture, tank and canal irrigation against wells and tubewells be given importance to maintain ground water level. Subsidies in Seeds, fertilizers and pesticides be increased to maximum.4) All meaningless employment schemes be abolished for a new single window scheme. It would give low interest micro-loans without security to any youth above 18 years living below poverty line by govt through Post offices which have the highest coverage in towns and villages, alike.5) Electricity, Airlines and Telecommunication be totally be in private sector except own arrangements of Defence Forces.N.B: The paradoxes in Indian laws should be amended as soon as possible. Like 18 years be the minimum age of marriage for both girls and boys, voting or standing in elections. In one word the single age of maturity instead of the current multiple 18, 21, 25 years, etc!






Constitutional Changes Required –
1) English and Hindi be official language of Central Govt only. The State languages be English and recognised regional language. The respect of national languages be given to all the State languages, Hindi, Sanskrit and English. 2) All Union territories be merged with adjacent States on the basis of language. Each state should elect equally only 2 MP to Rajyasabha the upper house of Parliament.3) In parliament or state legislatures the party or coalition with highest seats, even if less than a majority shall form govt and rule for full term.4) To pass any act in parliament or state legislatures however minimum 2/3rd members should approve.5) Changes in Indian Constitution can be made only through a massive 3/4th majority.

Local Governance in India –
2 tiers Panchayat system should be made compulsory throughout the country with clear cut areas of work and access to resources.The 2 tiers will be at District and Block levels only besides urban municipal organisations. Judicial Change –
All cases in all courts should be tried by majority decision of Jury (bench of judges say 5-7) to remove error, partiality and corruption instead of a single judge!

Defence and Foreign Affairs –
1) Ordnance production and paramilitary should be strictly under defence ministry only and not in private hands or under home ministry. We dont need gun culture like USA or manipulation by Arms production companies to wage continous wars.2) Chief of Defence Staff or CDS should be made and Secretary to CDS will also act as Defence Secretary and no non-defence IAS personal should be given this strategic post.3) Mayanmar and Mauritus should be included in expanding SAARC and India should also try to join ASEAN.

Proportional Representation & Reservation –
Proportional representation for the political parties on the ratio of votes polled is the only solution! Then percentage of votes polled by a party will be the same as percentage of the party's seats in legislatures. Maximum 30% seats in Govt aided educational and job sectors be reserved and that to for below poverty line people only irrespective of caste or creed! In Military the regiments named after caste, creed or region like Sikh regiment, Rajputana rifles or Jat Regiment should be abolished and named on Indian freedom fighters or given plain numeric values!

Medium of Education Be English Only –

English not over Hindi or Hindi not over other languages. English and Hindi be simply equally official languages of the Central govt!English is required for internationl and national links. However medium of education in all levels be English only and as languages besides English, hindi or any state language would do. Afterall it is a fact that most elitemen of India today are English medium educated and we cannnot deny this right to excel to poor students who go to Govt aided schools instead of rich private schools.






Social Security and Labour Rights -
In the buzz of globalisation the need for Social Security and labour rights are being pushed back! This is wholly unjust as whatever be the development model the welfare of the citizens is the primary duty of the Govt.1) A standard universal minimum wage for any profession should be determined by Govt for throughout the country every year. Non abiding with this should ensure strict punishment for the employers.2) All below poverty line aged people above 60 years be given a monthly allowance equal to the minimum wage per month.3) All destitute children upto 18 years leaving below povertyline be kept in Govt homes and provided free education, lodging and food. Vocational training should also be given to them compulsorily to make them independent in adult life.4) All handicapped persons leaving below povertyline be kept in Govt homes and provided free lodging and food or given a monthly allowance equal to the minimum wage per month. Vocational training should also be given to them compulsorily.5) Labourers should have a 6 day week with 8 hours per day normally. If the employer wants to work them for more hours then overtime should be paid compulsorily in ratio of their salary per extra hour. Maximum 4 hours overtime should be allowed. If the company/organisation who is the employer make profits then in ratio of profits the percentage of one year's salary should be atleast paid as bonus once a year.

Rules for Contesting in Indian Elections of Any Level -•One should be PAN card holder. •Never convicted of any civil or criminal offence in any court. •Maximum age and minimum age should be 75 and 25 years respectively. •Maximum number of times one may contest in a particular level would be 3 only. •Duration of a term would always be a maximum of 5 years. Rules for Voting in Indian Elections of Any Level -•One should be PAN card holder. •Never convicted of any civil or criminal offence in any court. •Attaining 18 years of age. •Having voter identity cards which should be renamed citizen’s identity cards.

Increase Income and Job in Railways –
To increase the income of Railways, eradicate unemployment from India and stop passengers from travelling without tickets in Railways in one single step. This can be done. A bus employs 2-3 conductors, besides the driver and helper if any to run a bus. These conductors sell and check tickets from the passengers. They work in commission basis and the private bus operators make good profits. If it is possible with buses, why not Railway Coaches, equal or more people travel in Railway Coaches than a bus in an average. If 2 conductors are employed by the Railways on commission basis in each coach, not only employment will be generated to a huge extent but also Railways/Government would benefit from increased sell of tickets and without ticket travel would also be stopped. N.B: The Railway Ticket counters would not however be closed down and sell season tickets and reserved tickets.
The extra income is needed also for security purpose and upgrading and maintaining old parts.

Farm Land acquisation by Govt. and Industry –

A lot of things can be done regarding Industrial pollution. Netherlands can be a good example. Industries of polluting nature can be allowed only in specified SEZs and Industrial Complexes marked by Govt. and proper pollution control be maintained.As far as possible permit system should be re-enacted only for Industries of polluting nature and the least permission granted the best.Public transport should be only used in most places, urban or rural and use of private transport behind certain limits be made criminal offences!More areas of natural or manmade vegetation, atleast 33% of land area should be reserved by forest department. Like-wise lakes. ponds and rivers should be kept clean and non-polluted. Strict non-bailable punishment should be given for breaking pollution laws.Use of polluting items like asbestos and polybags be totally banned.Electric trams and bicycles should be used most.Agriculture and pasture lands should also be preserved and buidings (even of owners) and industries should not be strictly permitted there.

Conversion by Force or Allurement Be Stopped –

Religious conversion in India and elsewhere should be regulated by government for ensuring human rights. Many times poor people are forced to convert in lieu of bread. While this is a failure of society and government their religious, spiritual and human rights are trampled due to this kind of pressurised conversion mostly taking place in Asia, Africa and Latin America. There should be a mechanism to check whether the converts are really willing or not and then permission should be granted, also conversion cases should be properly registered.The inter-religious relationship is important since conversion leads to political upheaval and rise of new conflicting culture. Thus, great Egyptians regard themselves as arabs except the Coptic christian minority. Likewise Syrians regard themslves as arabs except some christian syrians who regard themselves as Syriac or Aramaic. Same is true for many Muslim Kashmiris who think themselves ethnically different from Hindu Kashmiri Pandits.

Celebrating Indian Independence on 26 Jan –

We have been told from our school days that 15 August is India's Independence Day. This is a big fraud, a blot on our nation! On 15 Aug, 1947 India achieved Dominion Status not Independence. British Crown was still the head of the state and appointed the Governor General who was Lord Mountbatten. Jawaharlal Nehru on 15 Aug, 1947 was a mere caretaker interim prime minister with little powers and not elected by universal adult suffrage (vote). The second Governor General appointed by British crown was an Indian Chakravarty Rajagopalachari but had to report to British crown! All the chiefs of Army, Navy and Air force were British Officers reporting to British crown via Governor General and not to PM J.L. Nehru. In this condition many people accuse Nehru of mishandling the Kashmir issue but he had no real power to deal with the issue! Mountbattein ordered and Nehru refered the case to UNO when India was winning the war. This was because Pakistan remained a dominion till 1956 and though Jinnah was at slightly better position as Governor General overlording PM Liaqat Ali in Pakistan, the chiefs of Pakistani armed forces were also British and reported to British crown. British officers did not want to fight British officers of the other side! Thus 1/3rd Kashmir is still with Pakistan. India's real Independence Day is 26 January 1950 when we became free from British crown and Rajendra Prasad became the head of state as President. First election of independent India was on 1952. We should also come out of British Commonwealth which is a vestige of imperialism because British crown is its permanent head! Many erstwhile colonies including Ireland has left British Commonwealth. Let us all be united and demand scrapping of 15 August as India's Independence Day which is a big fraud and reinstatement of 26 January 1950 as both Republic and Indepemdence Day.

Kashmir and Nagaland –
Kashmir valley (except Anantnag and Srinagar districts) be seperated from Jammu and Kashmir state and be made a seperate Indian state! Pandits displaced should be settled in Anantnag and Srinagar districts. This will save Jammuites, Ladakhis, Pandits from terrorism with which they have no connection and should not unncessarily suffer.Tirap and Changlang districts of Arunachal and Senapati and Ukhrul districts of Manipur should be merged with Nagaland/Nagalim who are wholely Naga from time immemorial!

Social Synthesis –

•Human consciousness is an indivisible part of the all pervading universal stream of consciousness. •The conscience of a person is one’s individual consciousness which helps us to judge right or wrong. Thus all persons irrespective of religion, class and race should coexist peacefully. •A wrong doer is a person whose conscience is suppressed. •Thus, all humans should have equal social, political , religious and economic rights which would help in purifying their conscience. •All persons of a particular nation should share a common bond of nationalism not only for national or individual development but for the betterment of the whole universe. •Inspite of similarities and unity a each person is unique in manifestation. Likewise, all nations are somewhat apart inspite of the inherent common bonding. Thus, all nations should develop individually and collectively to fulfill not only internal aspirations but also strive to develop universal humanism for the peace, progress and prosperity of the human race and the universe. •Conservation of nature is the basis of human and universal existence. •Prevention of all types of pollution is required for this purpose to the greatest extent.

Territorial Problems of India and Solution

Kashmir valley (except Anantnag & Srinagar Districts) be made a seperate Indian State away from J&K -
The area proposed by Kashmiri Hindu Pandits for Panun Kashmir, their homeland remains in the proposed "Kashmir Pradesh" as Srinagar and Anantnag districts for their re-settlement. All major Hindu shrines including Amarnath cave also falls within it. National Highway linking Srinagar to Leh-Ladakh and Jammu falls within it. So, what is the problem if seperate "Koshur Valley" state is formed and terrorism is countered by restricting it to this small 13,000 sq. km area out of 101,000 sq. km area of Indian administered Jammu & Kashmir? People of Jammu and Ladakh along with Kashmiri Pandits will heave a sigh of relief and leave peacefully as full Indian citizens in seperate "Kashmir Pradesh". In Kashmiri language Kashmir is called Koshur. Poonch, Badgam, Pulwama, Baramulla, Kupwara districts be made a seperate state of India called "Koshur Valley" while rest of Jammu and Kashmir form the "Kashmir Pradesh" with permanent capital at Anantnag instead of Srinagar (summer) and Jammu (winter). Meanwhile Indian "Kashmir Pradesh" should retain strategically important Anantnag and Srinagar districts through which National Highway linking Ladakh-Leh passes and uprooted Kashmiri Hindu Pandits be re-settled in these 2 districts. This new "Kashmir Pradesh" will be non-muslim majority and enjoy status as any state of India, while "Koshur Valley" state be given the privileges like Article 370 and autonomy currently given to Jammu and Kashmir.


Homeland for Bangladeshi Hindus be created -
The only solution to Hindu, Buddhist and Christian Minorities of Bangladesh mostly Dalit Rajbanshis and Namasudras can be solved by annexing northwestern Bangladesh and merging the area with West Bengal after resettling them there. They are brutally tortured by the majority community sponsored by Bangladesh govt who regard them Indians and want to get rid of them to acquire and grab land and property. They have a black law "Enemy Property Law" which forcefully acquires land of minorities who flee to India to escape torture, rape, loot, etc. Annexing and merging this region with India would strategically help India to a great extent by widening corridor to its northeast and controlling tribal terrorism there. It would also help development and growth of the entire region. Visit the websites to know the grim situation - www.mayerdak.com, www.hrcbm.org, bir-bango.tripod.com N.B: Bir Bango (Bangabhumi) is wrongfully fighting on 2 fronts on a huge area which is impossible to liberate!


Sindhu Pradesh state in India be formed -
With Kutch, Tharparkar and Badin districts. Tharparkar and Badin districts of Pakistan was sindhi Hindu majority till 1965 war. In Tharparkar district of Sindh (Pak) adjoining India, Hindu percentage is highest at 40.5% and in Badin district of same province of Sindh (Pak) they are 18.5%. Sindh has the highest percentage of Hindus at 7.5%. Kutchi is a dialect of Sindhi language. Culture & language of Hindu Sindhis will be saved.


India should force Srilanka to give Lankan Tamils a State through federal arrangement -
Peace will come in South India and Srilanka.


N.B: India should include Mauritus and Mayanmar into expanding SAARC and try to join ASEAN as soon as possible. India should also leave British Commonwealth the last vestige of colonialism as British Crown is its permanent head. India should make 'Line of Actual Control' or LAC with China the international border. Similiarly, India should unilaterally declare the LOC or 'Line of Control' and status quo position with Pakistan as the permanent international border!

Reangs (Brus) the indigenous Hindus of Mizoram

Mizoram is the only state which has unconstitutionally declared itself as a Christian State, in Govt websites and documents. No other state has any official religion!
The erstwhile king of Tripura, Bir Bikram Kishore Manikya, who ruled the state before it merged with the Indian Union on October 15, 1949, included the Reangs in his official list of the five privileged tribes of Tripura along with the Debbarmans, Jamatyas, Noatias and Halams. Today, the Indian government lists the Reang’s as the lone “primitive group” in the state of Tripura.
The Reangs form the second largest tribal group in Tripura, as well as in the neighboring state of Mizoram. Before the union, their legacy was one of periodic revolts against their princely rulers. They have always sought to distinguish themselves from the other major tribes.
Scholarly opinion varies on the arrival of Reangs in Tripura. Until the 20th century, the tribes of Tripura were thought to have parted ways from the Bodo ethnic group in the state of Assam, which slowly made its way into Tripura during the 8th or 9th century before setting up a full-fledged kingdom by the 15th century.
But the Reangs trace their own roots to the legendary Hindu saint Kashyapa and a myth regarding their arrival into the Chittagong Hill Tracts of southeastern Bangladesh and through waves of migration from the Arakan region of Myanmar (Burma). The Reangs’ claim to an identity distinct from that of other ethnic groups in the region is based on the fact that they prefer to call themselves Brus, not Boroks, and their language Kai bru, not Kokborok, which is the lingua franca among tribes-people in Tripura.
So on the eve of the last census, which was held in February 2001, when a banned tribal separatist outfit, the National Liberation Front of Tripura (N.L.F.T.), issued a diktat that all tribes-people in Tripura must uniformly register themselves as Borok people and their language as Kokborok in order to demonstrate or prove a single ethnic identity, the Reangs resisted. Clashes ensued between the N.L.F.T and the Bru National Liberation Front (B.N.L.F.), the Reang-dominated rebel outfit. The feud resulted in the death of twelve B.N.L.F. activists in a pre-emptive strike by their rivals.
Tension increased when the Bru National Union, a political party of Reangs, or Brus, formed in the early 90’s, demanded autonomy within Mizoram. There was a tough response from the Mizo Students’ Federation (M.Z.P.): “If the Reangs wanted to divide or disintegrate Mizoram further, it would be better that they go away. The demand for an Autonomous District Council could not be accepted by Mizos.” The M.Z.P. further warned that since Mizoram is the only land Mizos have, it could not be lost to “foreigners or other communities.”
In October, an estimated 35,000 panic-stricken Reangs fled into northern Tripura.
As reported in Bangalore’s Deccan Herald (Aug. 17, 2003): “The Reangs, second largest tribal group of Mizoram, had long been demanding setting up of an Autonomous District Council (ADC) based on the 6th Schedule of the (Indian) Constitution in Reang-dominated areas of Southern Mizoram. The demand had been raised under the banner of a new party called Reang Democratic Party (R.D.P.). Long accustomed to treating Reangs as ‘bonded laborers and slaves’, the majority Mizo tribesmen have looked upon the Reang demand with deep hostility.”
The Reangs who fled to Mizoram in October 1997, alleged facing intimidation, repression and targeted attacks that followed the killing of 10 Reangs in September, allegedly by Mizo hardliners. The influx continued unabated, particularly after the murder of a Mizo forest warden, allegedly by the Bru National Liberation Front.
Bru leaders also alleged that their cultural practices were being thwarted and that they were being forced to adopt Mizo names and Mizo languages as their medium of instruction, instead of the native Kokborok. The names of about 20,000 Reangs were deleted from the electoral rolls.

45,000 Reangs hounded by Church to rootless existence

Mizoram has shut its doors to any possible return of over 45,000 Reang migrants who had to flee to neighbouring Tripura and Assam to escape mainly Christian missionary-backed atrocities and forcible conversions. Ironically, the national and international media and different political parties, which are crying themselves hoarse following clashes between Hindu and Christian tribals in Gujarat, have conveniently ignored the plight of the hapless Reangs tribals who are languishing in different makeshift camps of remote areas in Tripura and Assam. Similarly, the rape of a nun in Jhabua and Baripada makes international headlines while rape of over a dozen Reang tribal women does not even prick the conscience of either the media or society at large. Leave alone a solution, even awareness of the plight of hundreds of tribal refugees barely surviving under inhuman conditions in camps for the past one-and-a-half-year is missing. In fact, the root cause of the migration was the direct offshoot of socio-political consequences of mass conversion by Christian missionaries since the mid-nineties. Incidentally, Mizoram is a Christian majority State. Large-scale conversions triggered ethnic conflict leading to migration of Reangs from Mizoram to Tripura and Assam, who have since been languishing in different make-shift camps and demanding safe return and rehabilitation to their ancestral homeland. Bru (a derogatory term for Reang in Mizoram) National Union President Saibunga said in Silchar recently, "We are being persecuted by Mizos since we strongly opposed conversions. Mizoram is a Christian dominated State and they want everybody to become Christian. Even the Chakmas are facing persecution. Minorities are not at all safe in Mizoram. Since we raised our voice against the forcible conversions, we were driven away." Reang refugees seem to be caught in a no man's land. Persecuted in Mizoram, which they call their homeland, they are now living under inhuman conditions in refugee camps in neighbouring Assam and Tripura since October 1997. And, there seems to be no end to their woes in sight, with the new Mizoram Chief Minister Zoramthanga categorically stating that Reangs are residents of Tripura and not his State. This declaration truly seems to have put the process of repatriation of refugees in a deadlock.

Unique love story of Jaswant Singh and Sela in Arunachal

An hour after Sela Pass in Arunachal Pradesh, people come across a unique memorial-cum-mandir of Jaswant Singh Rawat alias Jaswant Baba. The story of Jaswant Singh Rawat is inscribed in a plaque at the memorial. The caretaker of the memorial also takes pride in recounting Jasawant Singh's heroics. Jaswant Singh of the 4th Battalion Garhwal Rifles held off the enemy for 72 hours single-handedly. He ran from bunker to bunker- firing and creating an illusion of many soldiers present. Two local girls helped him to carry the ammunition. The story goes that rather than give in when the Chinese soldiers were at their doorstep, Singh hanged himself. Army convoys on the way to the border make it a point to stop and pay homage at the beautifully maintained memorial. The jawans (soldiers of the Indian army) at the outpost treat everybody passing through with tea.
It was the final phase of the China war in November 1962. Even as his company was asked to fall back, Jaswant Singh remained at his post at an altitude of 10,000 feet and held back the rampaging Chinese for three days single-handedly. He was helped by two local girls -- Sela and Nura -- during the heroic battle that ended after the Chinese discovered the post was being defended by a solitary soldier. His love story with Sela is still remembered in Arunachal and on her honour the Sela Pass is named!
So enraged were the attackers that they cut off Jaswant Singh's head and took it back to China. However, after the ceasefire, the Chinese commander, impressed by the soldier's bravery, returned the head along with a brass bust of Jaswant Singh. The bust, created in China to honour the brave Indian soldier, is now installed at the site of the battle, a location now known as Jaswantgarh. Jaswant Singh's saga of valour and sacrifice continues to serve as an inspiration to all army personnel posted in this sector.
Army personnel passing by this route, be it a general or a jawan, make it a point to pay their respects here. Jaswant, who was awarded a Mahavir Chakra for his bravery is not the only soldier to be honoured thus. We find several memorials built along the way. One of them in fact is right on the border at Bumla honouring Subedar Joginder Singh who won a posthumous Param Vir Chakra for his bravery.
In a way, the Indian Army is trying to overcome the one big blot it has on its record by officially recognizing the 2420 dead warriors in the 1962 conflict. The Army has constructed a huge war memorial at Tawang. The magnificent Tawang War Memorial, inaugurated by the then Eastern Army Commander Lt. Gen. H R S Kalkat in November 1999, has a 40-feet high Stupa as its centrepiece.
A plaque at the entrance which says, 'A nation that does not honour its dead warriors will perish' indicates the Army's willingness to accept its defeat and learn lesson from it. Old timers say the war memorial is the first real attempt by the Army to honour those who died fighting a vastly superior and well-prepared enemy.

Indo-Naga peaceful solution

Nagaland should be given autonomy status like J&K under article 370 to solve the issue. Since, Nagas are sincere with the peace deal and want to have federal relation with India there should not be any problem. Apart from that Tirap and Changlang districts could be merged with Nagaland to form Nagalim state within India, since these two Naga regions are already having autonomous district councils in Arunachal Pradesh. Nagaland was also curved out of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. Though all Naga areas of Assam were given to Nagaland it was not so with Manipur and Arunachal Pradesh perhaps because of the lack of knowledge of Naga history and culture in the central govt. In Manipur the Senapati and Ukhrul districts are wholely Naga from time immemorial. These two districts should also be merged with Nagaland. However, the other hill districts of Manipur are multi-ethnic and part of Manipur Kingdom from ancient times for about 2000 years and should not be considered for merger.

Tibetan issue - India and China - democracy and power

Tibet was an independent country till 1959 when China annexed it forcefully and the world did not utter a word! This shows that power and only power speaks nothing else. Before this there was no India-China border. Tibet was a natural buffer country between China and India for ages. China occupied outer Tibet in 1949 and Tibet proper in 1959 forcing Dalai Lama the political and religious head of Tibet to flee to India with 100 thousand refugees. While China supported insurgency in north-east India, India did not even acknowledge the government-in-exile of Dalai Lama. Then China announced Hindi-Chini bhai bhai and as a mark of brotherhood in 1962 occupied Aksai Chin in Ladakh and attacked Arunachal Pradesh. Still claiming Arunachal Pradesh and India defending by saying Arunachal is an integral part of India. While India should have supported and garner support for the freedom movement of Tibet. A 'Free Tibet' is the only solution between imperial China and democratic India. China has send ethnic Chinese to Tibet in large numbers and they are in slight majority now. If immediately nothing is done by the world under the leadership of India, the rich civilization of Tibet will be lost forever for the world.
India and whole subcontinent including Pakistan and Bangladesh will also be in danger. In future nations will fight for fresh water as they are doing now for petroleum. China has already declared its plan to divert waters of Indus and Brahmaputra by nuclear explosion to its dry parts. This will mean end of civilization in entire Indian sub-continent. 'Free Tibet' is an absolute necessity not only for Tibetans or Indians but entire humanity to stop Chinese expansionism.

The parallel rise of China and India is one of the most significant developments in international affairs. It excites a lot of curiosity and speculation in various places. The key question being asked everywhere is whether India and China will be partners or rivals. This is hardly surprising since the relationship between the two Asian giants is likely to play a decisive role in defining the contours of the emerging global order in the 21st century. To say this is not to downplay the importance of the United States, Russia, the European Union, and Japan. Nor is there any need to minimise the necessity for both New Delhi and Beijing to maintain good political and economic relations with Washington. However, if the crises of Iraq and Afghanistan, the impasse over Iran,and the confused response to North Korea's nuclear explosion demonstrate one thing, it is the inability of the U.S. to establish a world order that is stable and peaceful. Pax Americana is a dangerous concept but when America is not even able to deliver Pax, somebody has to take responsibility for retrieving the situation. This week's summit-level meeting between Prime Minister Manmohan Singh and President Hu Jintao sends an unusually upbeat peace and development message to the world. It is that India and China are partners, not rivals; and that they will go beyond bilateral issues to involve themselves cooperatively on the side of international peace, security, and stability. If conflicts across Asia and the world stand a chance of being resolved in a harmonious way,India and China will need to play a more proactive and better coordinated role. That is why President Hu, in his Vigyan Bhavan speech, listed the development of "multilateral cooperation for creating a multi-polar world" as one of the five-pronged strategies India and China must follow in order to enhance their strategic partnership.

The current goodwill between India and China goes back to the breakthrough achieved during the December 1988 Rajiv Gandhi visit to China. Hearteningly,the depth of the relationship exceeds the most optimistic predictions of that time. This year's bilateral trade is expected to cross the $20 billion mark and, going by present trends, the $ 40 billion target set for 2010 seems conservative. At the political level, a determined stab is being made at solving the boundary question. A residual lack of political trust is holding the two sides back somewhat but it has not prevented India and China from carving out significant areas for mutual cooperation, notably in the energy sector. While it is possible that the growing Chinese interest in improving relations with India is related to the emerging strategic partnership between India and the U.S., the Manmohan Singh government needs carefully to calibrate and manage the development of this triangular relationship. New Delhi has rightly emphasised that neither containment nor rivalry will be part of its China policy. At the same time, elements in the Indian establishment, aided and abetted by incompetent, slavishly pro-U.S. strategic affairs punditry, seem to be nursing `balance of power' delusions. The past centuries of conflict have shown how fluid, contingent, and impermanent the idea of `balance' is. Rather than weapon acquisition sprees and military partnerships and alliances, it is economic interdependence and the shared quest for development that provide dependable insurance against conflict. The Sino-Indian relationship is certainly headed in the right direction. For the strategic and cooperative partnership to become truly irreversible, there must be enhanced political sensitivity, trust, and enthusiasm on both sides. The Manmohan-Hu summit is an important milestone that must be followed through with a prime ministerial visit to China in 2007 - in order to sustain the momentum and deepen the trends.

Dr Dwarkanath Kotnis, the selfless surgeon who made China his home -

Hu to reinforce bonds when he meets Kotnis sisters

The Hindustan Times November 22, 2006
By IANS
It's a tradition followed by every Chinese leader. And Chinese President Hu Jintao, who lands here Wednesday evening, will only be following his predecessors when he meets the family of Dr Dwarkanath Kotnis, the selfless surgeon who made China his home, during his packed two-day visit.
A high point of Hu's Mumbai visit, during which he will meet captains of Indian industry and interact with members of the Indo-Chinese Friendship Association, will be the meeting with the doctor's sisters at his hotel.
While Kotnis is venerated in China, with textbooks recounting his story to children and a Beijing hospital even creating a medical team in his memory, very little is known of him in the land of his birth.
Few in Mumbai or the rest of the country know about the doctor who served in China during the 1938 Sino-Japanese war and died there in 1948, says his septuagenarian younger sister Vatsala.
Echoing Vatsala is Leena Fernandes, the general secretary of the Mumbai charter of the Indo- China Friendship Association: 'Friendly ties between India and China have their own significance, even on a humanitarian level. The selfless service rendered by Dr Dwarkanath Shantaram Kotnis, a proud son of India, during the Sino-Japanese war and to wounded Chinese soldiers is an evergreen symbol of the human relationship between the people of India and China.'
Added Kotnis' elder sister Manorama, sitting in their 60-year apartment crowded with Chinese memorabilia: 'Had it not been for the renowned filmmaker V. Shantaram and the Amar Chitra Katha comic book about him and maybe a few others, Indians would have never known how our brother, who served in Mao Zedong's Red Army, saved lives during the war.'
The lasting Indian tributes to Kotnis are the book 'One Who Never Returned' by film journalist Khwaja Abbas Ahmed and the film it inspired, V. Shantaram's 1946 classic 'Dr Kotnis Ki Amar Kahani'.
It is a fascinating life story that began in Sholapur where he was born on Oct 10, 1910. He then graduated in medicine from Grants Medical College, Mumbai. In 1938, Netaji Subash Chandra Bose, who was the president of the Indian National Congress, took the historical step to send a medical mission to China. Kotnis was the youngest of the five-member team of doctors.
'He was the only doctor in the team not to return. He stayed back and married a Chinese girl - Guo Qing Lan - and settled down in China carrying on with his humanitarian work. He died of a heart attack in 1948, leaving behind a young widow and a three-year-old son,' said Vatsala.
'Baba (Kotnis) would write letters regularly on anything and everything. He would relate to us through his letters everything from the enjoyable Chinese opera to the horrors of Japanese air raids and the fatal wounds of the soldiers. But the letters stopped coming in 1940 as the war intensified,' recalled elder sister Manorama.
'Baba married Guo, who served as a nurse in the front with him in 1947, a year before his death. But the prevailing situation then did not allow his young widow and infant son to visit India. It was only 10 years after Baba's death that we could meet them,' she said.
The Kotnis sisters were hoping to meet their sister-in-law, now 91-years-old.
'But unfortunately Guo could not make the trip with the Chinese president due to failing health,' rued the Kotnis sisters.
While the sisters are readying to meet Hu on Thursday, authorities here are also gearing up for the Chinese president and his wife. They are likely to stay in the presidential suite in the heritage wing of the Taj Mahal Palace and Towers near the Gateway of India.

Non-resident Indian (NRI) and Person of Indian Origin (PIO) -

A non-resident Indian (NRI) is an Indian citizen who has migrated to another country. Other terms with the same meaning are (somewhat self-deprecating in context) Desis, overseas Indian and expatriate Indian. For tax and other official purpose the government of India considers any Indian national away from India for more than 183 days in a year an NRI. In common usage, this often includes Indian born individuals (and also people of other nations with Indian blood) who have taken the citizenship of other countries.
A Person of Indian Origin (PIO) is literally, simply a person of Indian origin who is not a citizen of India. For the purposes of issuing a PIO Card, the Indian government considers anyone of Indian origins up to four generations removed, to be a PIO [1].
There is a huge NRI and PIO population across the world, estimated at around 30 million by 2011 (not including Pakistani, Bangladeshi or Sri Lankan diaspora, or Roma people). For examples of prominent NRIs see List of NRIs (or NRIs).
Contents[hide]
1 Moving on out
2 PIOs today
2.1 Indians in the US
2.2 Statistics on Indians in the US
2.3 Indians in the UK
2.4 Indians in Malaysia
2.5 Indians in the Middle East
2.6 Indians in South Africa
2.7 Indians in Canada
2.8 Indians in Mauritius
2.9 Indians in Singapore
2.10 Indians in Madagascar
3 Statistics
4 Headline text
5 Issues
6 See also
7 Pravasi Bharatiya Divas
8 References
9 Sources

[edit] Moving on out
The most significant historical emigration from India was that of the Roma (often known as "Gypsies"). Around the 11th century A.D, Muslim invaders in the subcontinent took many Indians as captives to Afghanistan. These people then went to Iran and other parts of the Middle East as wandering court musicians. They gradually became a class of their own, wandering to Europe, where they were known as the Gypsies, (based on an account of their origins lying in Egypt). They adopted local religions such as Christianity and Islam, but combined some of their Hindu practices with the new faiths. The cult of Romani Christian saint Kali Sarah may have been a Christianization of the Hindu goddess Kali. They also speak a distinct Indo-Aryan language of their own, Romani. Another major emigration from the subcontinent was to South East Asia. It started as a military expedition by Hindu, and later Buddhist, kings of South India and resulted in the settlers' merging with the local society. The influence of Indian culture is still strongly felt in South East Asia, especially in places like Bali (in Indonesia). However, in such cases, it is not reasonable to apply the label 'PIO' to the descendants of emigrants from several centuries back, especially since intermixture is so great as to negate the value of such nomenclature in this context.
During the nineteenth century and until the end of the Raj, much of the migration that happened was to other colonies under the indenture system. The major destinations, in chronological order, were Mauritius, British Guyana, the West Indies (Trinidad and Jamaica), Fiji and East Africa. There was also a small amount of free emigration of skilled laborers and professionals to some of these countries in the twentieth century. The event that triggered this diaspora was the Slavery Abolition Act passed by the British Parliament on August 1, 1834, which freed the slave labour force throughout the British colonies. This left many of the plantations devoid of adequate work force as the newly freed slaves left to take advantage of their newly found freedom. This resulted in an extreme shortage of labour throughout many of the British colonies which was resolved by massive importation of workers engaged under contracts of indentured servitude.
An unrelated system involved recruitment of workers for the tea plantations of the neighboring British colonies of Sri Lanka and Burma and the rubber plantations of British Malaya (now Malaysia and Singapore). like Australia and New Zealand.
After the 1970s oil boom in the Middle East, a large number of Indians emigrated to the Gulf countries. However, this was on a contractual basis rather than permanent as in the other cases. These Gulf countries have a common policy of not naturalizing non-Arabs, no matter if they are even born there.

[edit] PIOs today

[edit] Indians in the US
Main article: Indian American
Indians in the USA are one of the largest among the groups of Indian diaspora, numbering about 2.5 million, and probably the one of the most well off - their median income is 1.5 times that the host country. They are well represented in all walks of life, but particularly so in academia, information technology and medicine. There were over 4,000 PIO professors and 33,000 Indian-born students in American universities in 1997-98. The American Association of the Physicians of Indian Origin boasts a membership of 35,000. In 2000, Fortune magazine estimated the wealth generated by Indian Silicon Valley entrepreneurs at around $250 billion.
There appear to be class differences within the Indian American community, with earlier professional immigrants looking down upon working-class communities who are later first generation immigrants. Gujarati shopkeepers and Punjabi cab drivers are common stereotypes of the latter community. Many older generation Indians are people who came to the US for higher education and settled down. While a significant proportion of the current-generation Indians are doctors, the vast majority are involved in the IT industry in one way or the other.
In Silicon Valley, California, a significant percentage of entrepreneurs are of South Asian origin, specifically Indo American. The names that crop up among successful Indo Americans in the technology field are Vinod Khosla, Kim Singh, Kanwal Rekhi among others.
Americans of Indian descent have, in the past, been targets of racism by members of all ethnic groups--though it has dissipated substantially. Some of it is overt, perhaps the worst example being the New Jersey dot busters - groups of thugs who sought ethnic Indians and mugged them or attacked their property in the late 80s and early 90s, the "dot" referring to the bindi worn traditionally by Hindu women on their forehead. These attacks were racially motivated, and alienated the Indian population from the American mainstream. This lack of assimilation has created many problems for both ethnic Indians as well as non Indians.
Indo Americans in particular Sikh Americans and Indo Americans of Muslim origin, were targeted after 9/11/01. A significant number of Sikh Americans were killed, the most significant being the Sodhi family which lost two brothers. Non-profit agencies such as the Asian American Public Policy Institute sprang into action, working to help create awareness among Americans about Islam and Sikhism.
Another peculiarity are most children of these immigrants - also called as "ABCD" - American Born Confused Desi. This term (usually used as something of an insult) reflects the fact that these first generation Americans find themselves stuck between traditional parents and upbringing at home and the more liberal and open community outside. This "in-between-ness" can leave them with uncertainty about their own role in society - neither Indian nor American.

[edit] Statistics on Indians in the US
In the year 2002, of the entire total 1,063,732 immigrants to USA from all the countries, as many as 66,864 were from India. According to the US census, the overall growth rate for Indians from 1990 to 2000 was 105.87 per cent. The average growth rate for the whole of USA was only 7.6 per cent.
Indians comprise 16.4 per cent of the Asian-American community. They are the third largest in the Asian American population. In 2000, of all the foreign born population in USA, Indians were 1.007 million. Their percentage was 3.5 per cent. From 2000 onwards the growth rate and the per cent rate of Indians amongst all the immigrants has increased by over 100 times.
Between 1990 and 2000, the Indian population in the US grew 113% - 10 times the national average of 13%. Source: US Census Bureau
Today, Asian Indians are the second largest Asian group (2,226,585) in the US, behind only the Chinese (2,762,524). Source: 2003 American Community Survey
Indians own 50% of all economy lodges and 35% of all hotels in the US, which have a combined market value of almost $40 billion. Source: Little India Magazine
One in every nine Indians in the US is a millionaire, comprising 10% of US millionaires. Source: 2003 Merrill Lynch SA Market Study
A University of California, Berkeley, study reported that one-third of the engineers in Silicon Valley are of Indian descent, while 7% of valley hi-tech firms are led by Indian CEOs. Source: Silicon India Readership Survey
Indians along with other Asians, have the highest educational qualifications of all ethnic groups in the US. Almost 67% of all Indians have a bachelor’s or high degree (compared to 28% nationally). Almost 40% of all Indians have a master’s, doctorate or other professional degree, which is five times the national average. Source: The Indian American Centre for Political Awareness.

[edit] Indians in the UK
Main article: British Asian

Bollywood movies are released commercially in the United Kingdom
The Indian emigrant community in the United Kingdom is now in its third generation. As an immigrant group, people of Indian origin have been remarkably successful.
A remarkable collection of the oral history of the British NRIs is available on Britain's leading NRI website History Talking.com. It's a web radio where you can listen to some of the leading NRIs living in the UK.
Stereotypes about Indians have now moved from their being bus-conductors, waiters, and small shopkeepers to their being doctors, lawyers, accountants and successful businesspeople. Increasingly, the second and third generation of Indians has started inter-marrying with the rest of the population, to the point where this has in itself become a stereotype.
In a few local areas, ethnic tension has resulted in ill-feeling and racist violence against immigrants, and groups such as the British National Party have exploited this. However, in general, racism towards people of Indian origin has greatly reduced from the early days of mass immigration after Partition and the expulsion of the Ugandan Indians.
Indian culture has been constantly referenced within wider British culture, at first as an "exotic" influence in films like My Beautiful Laundrette, but now increasingly as a familiar feature in films like Bend It Like Beckham. Indian food is now regarded as part of the British cuisine.
According to the April 2001 UK National Census [2] There are 1,051,800 people of Indian origin in the UK.
They are the best educated and most economically successful of the South Asian immigrant communities, also exceeding the indigenous White/English. [3]

[edit] Indians in Malaysia
Main articles: Indian Malaysian, Chitty
Most Indians migrated to Malaysia as plantation laborers under British rule. They are a significant minority ethnic group, making up 7% of the Malaysian population. Most of these are Tamil but some Malayalam- and Telugu- speaking people are also present. They have retained their languages and religion -- 80% of ethnic Indians in Malaysia identify as Hindus. Hinduism in Malaysia diverges from mainstream (post-Vedantic) Hinduism: its main feature is Mother-goddess (Amman) worship; caste deities, tantric rituals, folk beliefs, non-Agamic temples, and animal sacrifice are its other characteristics. Deepavali and Thaipusam are the main festivals. However, there is an increase in agamic worship in Malaysia, due to the efforts of the Malaysian Hindu Sangam and several notable Hindu organitations in Malaysia. There is also a small community of Indian origin, the Chitty, who are the descendants of Tamil traders who had emigrated before 1500 AD, and Chinese and Malay women. Considering themselves Tamil, speaking Malay, and practicing Hinduism, they number about 2,000 today.

[edit] Indians in the Middle East
This article or section does not cite its references or sources.You can help Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations.
There is a huge population of Indians in the Middle East, most coming from Kerala and other south Indian states, especially in the oil rich countries neighboring the Persian Gulf. Most moved to the Gulf after the oil boom to work as labourers and for clerical jobs. Indians - all foreigners, in fact - in the Gulf do not normally become citizens however. They retain their Indian passports since most of the countries in the Gulf do not provide citizenship or permanent residency. One of the major reasons why Indians like to work in the Gulf is because it provides incomes many times over for the same type of job back in india and its geographical proximity to India.The Indian Disporsa makes up a good proportion of the working class in the GCC.

[edit] Indians in South Africa
Main article: Asians in South Africa
Most Asians in South Africa are descended from indentured Indian labourers who were brought by the British from India in the 19th century, mostly to work in what is now the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN). The rest are descended from Indian traders who migrated to South Africa at around the same time, many from the Gujarat area. The city of Durban, has the largest Asian population in sub-Saharan Africa, and the Indian independence leader Mahatma Gandhi worked as a lawyer in the city in the early 1900s.

[edit] Indians in Canada
Main article: Indo-Canadian
According to Statistics Canada, in 2001 there were 713,330 people who classified themselves as being of Indian origin. The term “East Indian” or Indo-Canadian is most commonly associated with people of Indian origin, since the term Indian in Canada has commonly been used to refer to the Aboriginal Canadians and still continues to be used to describe them, causing much confusion. In addition, the term Indian is also occasionally applied to people from the Caribbean (West Indians). Out of this population, 42% are Hindu, 39% are Sikh, and the remainder are Muslim, Christian, Jain, Buddhist, or no religious affiliation. The main Indian ethnic communities are Punjabis (which account for more than half of population) as well Gujaratis, Tamils (Indian as opposed to Sri Lankan), Keralites, Bengalis, Sindhis and others.
The first Indians began moving to Canada in small numbers to British Columbia, and were mainly male Sikh Punjabis who were seeking work opportunities abroad. These first immigrants faced widespread racism by the local white Canadians. There were race riots that targeted these immigrants, as well as new Chinese immigrants as well. Most decided to return to India, while a few stayed behind. The Canadian government prevented these men from bringing their wives and children until 1919, which was the main reason why they decided to leave. Quotas were established to prevent many Indians from moving to Canada in the early 20th century. These quotas allowed less than 100 people from India a year until 1957, when it was increased to 300 people a year. In 1967, all quotas were scrapped in Canada, and immigration was based on a point system, thus allowing many more Indians to immigrate in large numbers. Since this open door policy was adopted, Indians continue to come in large numbers, and roughly 25,000 - 30,000 arrive each year (which is now the second highest group immigrating to Canada each year, behind Chinese immigrants).
Most Indians choose to immigrate to larger urban centers like Toronto and Vancouver, where more than 70% live. Smaller communities are also growing in Calgary, Montreal, Edmonton and Winnipeg. Indians in Toronto are from diverse locations in India, such as Punjab, Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Kerala. Brampton, a suburb of Toronto has many Indian residents, and the town of Springdale in Brampton is commonly referred to as “Singhdale” because of the many Sikhs that live there. Indians in Vancouver mainly live in the suburb of Surrey, but can also be found throughout Vancouver. The vast majority of Vancouver Indians are of Sikh Punjabi origin and have taken leading roles in politics and the professions, with several Supreme Court justices, three Attorneys-General and one provincial premier coming from their community.

[edit] Indians in Mauritius
Main article: Indo-Mauritian
Outside of India itself, Mauritius is the only country where people of Indian Origin form the vast majority (not including Trinidad & Tobago where Afro-Trinidadiand and Indo-Trinidadians have equal populations, or Fiji where the Indo-Fijians once formed the majority but don't today). The people are known as Indo-Mauritians, and form about 70% of the population. The majority are Indo-Aryan Hindu, the largest minority Tamil and Telugu and the smallest significant group are Muslims. There are also some Christians, Baha'is and Sikhs, but the Baha'i and Sikh populations do not add up to even 1% of the population. Various Indian languages are still spoken, especially Tamil, Bhojpuri, Hindi and Urdu, but most Indo-Mauritians now speak a French-based Creole language at home, as well as French in general fields. Finding an Indo-Mauritian who exclusively speaks an Indian language is very rare.

[edit] Indians in Singapore
Main article: Indian Singaporean
The term Indian Singaporean refers to any Singapore citizen of South Asian ancestry including, most notably, India. Most Indian Singaporeans are second, third or even fourth generation descendants of migrants from the Indian subcontinent to Singapore and Malaysia, which were then known collectively as British Malaya in the pre-World War II colonial era. A small and shrinking number of older Indian Singaporeans are first generation migrants from the subcontinent. The vast majority are Tamil, but there are also some Telugu, Malayalam and Hindi peoples.

[edit] Indians in Madagascar
Indians in Madagascar are descended mostly from traders who arrived to the newly-independent nation looking for better opportunities. The majority speak Hindi, and though some Indian dialects are spoken, nowardays the younger generations speak French or Malagasy.

[edit] Statistics
Some information in this article or section has not been verified and may not be reliable.Please check for any inaccuracies, and modify and cite sources as needed.
Region / Country
Articles
Overseas Indian Population
Southeast Asia
4,325,000
Malaysia
Indian Malaysian, Chitty
2,700,000
Myanmar
Burmese Indians
950,000 (2006) [1]
Singapore
Indian Singaporean
400,000
Thailand
150,000
Philippines
125,000
West Asia
3,869,100
Saudi Arabia
1,400,000 (2005) [2]
United Arab Emirates
1,200,000
Kuwait
500,000
Oman
350,000
Qatar
175,000
Bahrain
140,000
Yemen
100,000
Jordan
4,100
East Asia
Hong Kong
South Asians in Hong Kong
35,000
People's Republic of China
Japan
South Korea
Europe
6,300,000 [3]
United Kingdom
British Asian
2,850,000 (2000) [3]
Netherlands
300,000
France
70,000
North America
3,213,330
United States
Indian American
2,500,000
Canada
Indo-Canadian
713,330 (2001)
South America and the Caribbean
Indo-Caribbean
Suriname
Hindoestanen
950,000 (2000) [3]
Trinidad
Indo-Trinidadian
473,735
Guyana
Indo-Guyanese
326,782
Barbados
Belize
Jamaica
Grenada
Guadeloupe
Martinique
St. Lucia
St. Vincent
East African Community
380,000 [3]
Kenya
70,000
Uganda
60,000
Tanzania
50,000
Other Africa
2,341,000
South Africa
Asians in South Africa
1,200,000
Mauritius
Indo-Mauritian
800,000
Reunion
250,000
Madagascar
30,000
Mozambique
21,000
Zambia
20,000
Zimbabwe
20,000
Oceania
690,000
Fiji
Indo-Fijian
470,000 (2000) [3]
Australia
150,000
New Zealand
70,000

[edit] Headline text
Adnan==Bollysthan: The Global India==
As the Indian government's own Singhvi commission notes, "the sun never sets on the Indian diaspora." Yet the cultural transmission model is rapidly transforming from a one-way street, in which the Motherland gives and the diaspora receives, to a two-way street, in which the diaspora is as confidently Indian, sometimes more so, than India itself. Bollystan ("Bolly-" for Bollywood, and "Sthan", the Sanskrit suffix for "land" comprise this term) is a neologism which recognizes this changing balance of power between the home country and its diaspora. Technology has enabled the diaspora to manufacture "Indian-ness" as competently as their home-bound relatives through film, dance, music and even religious practices. These externally produced symbols of Indian-ness have in many ways become the primary representation of India in the West and around the world. The term was first used by Parag Khanna, when he guest edited the UK's ethnic lifestyle magazine Another Generation in Fall 2004 (www.anothergeneration-mag.com). The entire issue was based on the theme of Bollystan, This was subsequently then used in an article in The Globalist [4]. The London-based Foreign Policy Centre think-tank has also recognized Bollystan as a form of "diasporic diplomacy" [5]. In the January/February 2005 issue of Foreign Policy magazine, Mitra Kalita of the Washington Post writes, "Finally there is a name for where I live: Bollysthan." [6]

[edit] Issues
To meet Wikipedia's quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup.Please discuss this issue on the talk page, or replace this tag with a more specific message. Editing help is available.This article has been tagged since July 2006.
Following are some consider issues for India when Indians migrate to other countries
"Brain drain" (The exodus of educated workers and academics).
Foreign exchange inflow (Though the government gets inflow of money, it is not liable)
Cultural exchange (Indian culture is under threat, when NRIs return home they bring other culture)
Identity crisis (Their identity is lost, Indians at home fail to recognize them when they return; in their adopted country they are still considered as Indians)
"X = X + 1 Syndrome" (Syndrome of postponing returning to India every year)
"NRI Syndrome" (Talking ill of India and Indians, once having exposure to other countries. A major criticism of this attitude by native Indians is that the NRIs fail to act on these criticisms. However, a few educated NRIs tend to take a holistic view of the entire issue and many have formed NGOs and are taking steps to tackle the problems)
Related to the above is the concept of "England Returned," from an old Bombay film of that name, a description allegedly once used by those who went back to India after a period of study or work in the UK. The concept resembles that of adding "BTA" (Been To America) to a British CV.
American Born Confused Desi (ABCD) is a term that refers to people of Indian origin, born and living in the United States.

Source: Wikipedia.

India's Defence problems & solution

India should immediately have the post of Chief of Defence Staffs (CDS) for integration and better performance of the defence forces! More money should be spend in modernisation than on anything else in the defence budget.

Madras Regiment is the one of the oldest Regiment of Indian Army and present quota system of recruitment is largely due to invention of martial race theory of British for divide and rule policy. Afterall, with the help of Bengal Regiment (now dismantalled due to 1857 mutiny) and Madras Regiment the British conquered the so called martial races of Punjab, Jats, Gurkhas, etc. Indian govt is following the same divisive racist policy! Mangal Pandey and many of the first martyrs of Indian Independance in 1857 belonged to Bengal Regiment.
General Vaidya during the insurgency in Punjab proposed admitting people of all caste, creed and language into the earlier mostly homogenous units like Sikh Regiment, Gurkha Regiment, Jat Regiment, Rajputana Rifles, Dogra Regiment, Maratha Light Infantry, Punjab Regiment, etc. But, still they are mostly one community dominated respectively. This is a dangerous thing for a nation's security as seen during insurgency in Punjab. This should be immediately undone! Also, in a heterogenous country like India no such units of armed forces should be named after a few communities and others are left out. There should also be no quota system for any community in Defence and recruitment should be all India basis purely on merit. This is true also for Paramilitary forces like Assam Rifles, Manipur Rifles, etc which should also be named differently.
An example could be the Indian National Army raised by Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose to fight the British in south-east Asia. He named various Regiments in the names of national heros like Gandhiji, Nehruji and Rani Jhansi (all women Regiment). However, another option could be alpha-numerical numbering.

Vande Mataram and sudden conversion of Bengal!

There have been many arguments in favour and against Vande Mataram as a national song from earlier times till recently. The main point has been whether it is communally biased or not. When "Vande Mataram" the phrase only is used as a salutation to motherland there should be no problem. I am exploring a different angle which have been largely unnoticed!
First of all, the song was only for the Bengali people and hence is invalid as a national song for mother India. It clearly stated 'saptakoti' or seven crores people of undivided Bengal including Muslims of the times of the author Bankim Chandra Chatterjee. It also asked
'di-saptakoti' or 14 crores hands of Bengalis to lift Bengal from poverty and anarchy.
The novel Anandamath is on the backdrop of misrule of Nawab of Bengal who incidentally was Muslim by religion and the Great Bengal Famine occured in this time in 1770 when 2/3rd, yes 2/3rd Bengalis! TheAnandmath begins at an apocalyptic moment. It is 1769AD (1176 BS) and the British have just established a toehold in Bengal after the Battle of Plassey. In his reign when the British East India Company has just entered Bengal a dual government was formed with Nawab with responsibilities and no power and British Company with power but no responsibility. The novel is set in the background of the Sannyasi Rebellion in the 1770s. The Sannyasi Rebellion or Sannyasi Revolt (The Monk's Rebellion) is a term used to describe activities of sannyasis and fakirs, or Hindu and Muslim ascetics respectively, in Bengal, India in the late eighteenth century. It is also known as the Fakir-Sannyasi Rebellion. Historians have not only debated what events constitute the rebellion, but have also varied on the significance of the rebellion in Indian history. While some refer to it as an early war for India's independence from foreign rule, since the right to collect tax had been given to the British East India Company after the Battle of Plassey in 1757, others categorize it as random acts of violent banditry following the depopulation of the province, post the Bengal famine of 1770. At least three separate events are called the Sannyasi Rebellion. One refers to a large body of ascetics both Hindu sannyasis and Muslim madaris, religious fakirs that travelled from North India to different parts of Bengal to visit shrines. On route to the shrines, it was customary for many of these holy men to exact a religious tax from the headmen and zamindars or regional landlords. In times of prosperity, the headmen and zamindars generally obliged. However, since the East India Company received the diwani or right to collect tax, many of the tax demands increased and the local landlords and headmen were unable to pay both the ascetics and the English. Crop failures, and famine, which killed ten million people or an estimated one-third of the population of Bengal compounded the problems since much of the arable land lay fallow. In 1771, 150 fakirs were put to death, apparently for no reason. This was one of the reasons that caused distress leading to violence, especially in Natore in Rangpur, now in modern Bangladesh. However, some modern historians argue that the movement never gained popular support. The other two movements involved a sect of Hindu ascetics, the Dasnami naga sannyasis who likewise visited Bengal on pilgrimage mixed with moneylending opportunities. To the British, both the Hindu and Muslim ascetics were looters to be stopped from collecting money that belonged to the Company and possibly from even entering the province. It was felt that a large body of people on the move was a possible threat. Clashes between the Company and ascetics. When the Company's forces tried to prevent the sannyasis and fakirs from entering the province or from collecting their money in the last three decades of the eighteenth century, fierce clashes often ensued, with the Company's forces not always victorious. Most of the clashes were recorded in the years following the famine but they continued, albeit with a lesser frequency, up until 1802. The reason that even with superior training and forces, the Company was not able to suppress sporadic clashes with migrating ascetics was that the control of the Company's forces in the far-removed hilly and jungle covered districts like Birbhum and Midnapore on local events was weak. Legacy - The Sannyasi rebellion was the first of a series of revolts and rebellions in the Western districts of the province including (but not restricted to) the Chuar Revolt of 1799 and the Santal Revolt of 1831–32. What effect the Sannyasi Rebellion had on rebellions that followed is debatable. Perhaps, the best reminder of the Rebellion is in literature, in the Bengali novel Anandamath, written by India's first modern novelist Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, from which the song Vande Mataram was taken and declared to be India's National Song. The Bengal famine of 1770 was a catastrophic famine that between 1769 and 1773 affected the lower Gangetic plain of India. The famine is supposed to have caused the deaths of an estimated 40 million people, approximately two-third of the population 6 crores at the time. The famine occurred in the territory which was called Bengal, then ruled by the British East India Company. This territory included modern West Bengal, Bangladesh, and parts of Assam, Orissa, Bihar, and Jharkhand. It was originally a province of the Mughal empire, from the 16th century, and was ruled by a Nawab, or governor. The Nawab had become effectively independent by the beginning of the 18th century, though in theory was still a tributary power of the Great Mughal in Delhi.
In the 17th century, the British East India Company had been given a grant on the town of Calcutta, by the Mughal emperor Akbar. At this time the Company was effectively another tributary power of the Mughal. During the following century, the Company obtained sole trading rights for the province, and went on to become the dominant power in Bengal. In 1757, at the battle of Plassey, the British defeated the then Nawab, Siraj Ud Daulah, and plundered the Bengali treasury. In 1764 their military control was reaffirmed at Buxar. The subsequent treaty gained them the Diwani, that is the taxation rights: in effect, the Company became the ruler of Bengal. About 40 million people, approximately two-third of the population 6 crores at the time of the affected area, are thought to have died in the famine. The regions in which the famine occurred included especially the modern Indian states of Bihar and West Bengal, but the famine also extended into Orissa and Jharkhand, as well as modern Bangladesh. Among the worst affected areas were Birbhum and Murshidabad, in Bengal, and Tirhut, Champaran and Bettiah, in Bihar. A partial shortfall in crops, considered nothing out of the ordinary, occurred in 1768 and was followed in late 1769 by more severe conditions. By September 1769 there was a severe drought, and alarming reports were coming in of rural distress. These were, however, ignored by Company officers. By early 1770 there was starvation, and, by mid 1770, deaths from starvation were occurring on a large scale. There were also reports of the living feeding on the bodies of the dead in the middle of that year. Smallpox and other diseases further took their toll of the population. Later in 1770, good rainfall resulted in a good harvest and the famine abated. However, other shortfalls occurred in the following years, raising the total death toll. As a result of the famine large areas were depopulated and returned to jungle for decades to come, as the survivors migrated in mass in a search for food. Many cultivated lands were abandoned: much of Birbhum, for instance, returned to jungle and was virtually impassable for decades afterwards. From 1772, bands of bandits and thugs became an established feature of Bengal, and these were only controlled by punitive actions in the 1780s. Fault for the famine is now often ascribed to the British East India Company policies in Bengal. As a trading body, its first remit was to maximise its profits and with taxation rights the profits to be obtained from Bengal came from land tax as well as trade tariffs. As lands came under company control, the land tax was typically raised by 3 to 4 times what it had been – from 10-15% up to 50% of the value of the agricultural produce. In the first years of the rule of the British East India Company, the total land tax income was doubled and most of this revenue flowed out of the country. As the famine approached its height, in April of 1770, the Company announced that land tax for the following year was to be increased by 10%. The company is also criticised for forbidding the "hoarding" of rice. This prevented traders and dealers from laying in reserves that in other times would have tided the population over lean periods. By the time of the famine, monopolies in grain trading had been established by the Company and its agents. The Company had no plan for dealing with the grain shortage, and actions were only taken insofar as they affected the mercantile and trading classes. Land revenue decreased by 14% during the affected year, but recovered rapidly (Kumkum Chatterjee). According to McLane, the first governor-general of British India, Warren Hastings, acknowledged "violent" tax collecting after 1771: revenues earned by the Company were higher in 1771 than in 1768. Globally, the profit of the Company increased from 15 million rupees in 1765 up to 30 million rupees in 1777.

The most important effect of the famine was however conversion of Bengal (undivided) from Hindu majority to a Muslim majority province suddenly within a period of less than 5 years from 1769 to 1773.

This was mainly because the famine effected West Bengal (Hindu majority) more than East Bengal and most of the 2/3rd population of Bengal dead was from this area. Thus Hindus died mostly relative to muslims. Also during this period and earlier Muslims in Bengal were mainly urban people and whatever help the Nawab provided went to them and town Hindus and not to vast rural Hindus! Before this calamity and the Nawab, Bengal was ruled mainly by a syndicate of 12 Zamindars called 'Baro-Bhuniyas'. 10 of them were Hindu, one Muslim Pathan Isa Khan and his descendants and one Portugese Christian in Chittagong, Carvello and his descendants. Pratapaditya Roy was the first leader of the syndicate who fought and defeated the Mansingh raids during Akbars time. Akbar had to face 2 brave Prataps one in Mewar and one in Bengal. Later during Isa and Carvello's time Kedar Roy was the leader. However Isa Khan fell in love with Kedar's sister and the unity broke away. After this Nawab dynasty ruled Bengal. But still the muslims in Bengal were mainly concentrated in towns. However after the calamity of 1770, the remaining urban Hindus and Muslims went to settle in villages and there was a depopulation of towns as mentioned in Anandamath. The novel is more of Historic and social importance than Political!